Process of silk threads dyeing with pau brasil, the national tree of Brazil, Caesalpinia echinata, commonly known in Brazil as pau brasil, gave its name to the country - the species is famous for the dye extract taken from the heartwood, although synthetic dyes have now reduced this trade. Years of harvesting and reduction of the Atlantic Coastal Forest have reduced this species to the verge of extinction. Exploitation still continues, however, because its extremely dense hardwood is ideal for making bows for stringed musical instruments. It is also know as brasileto, ibirapitanga, orabutá, pau pernambuco, and pau rosado. Minas Gerais State, Brazil